Driving forces behind organisational changes in water supply in south Sweden 1950–2010
Sydvatten (South Sweden Water Supply Co) was formed in 1966 by the municipalities of Malmö, Lund, Helsingborg, Landskrona and Eslöv for organizing and jointly financing the construction of an 80 km long raw-water tunnel leading water from the large lake Bolmen to the vicinity of the municipalities, and thereafter operating the tunnel and the waterworks […]
Investigating the water footprint of Tetra Pak Carton Economy’s beverage portfolio
A growing number of companies and organizations have started to recognize the importance of water to their business and have started programs to improve the sustainability of freshwater in their processes. Virtual Water and Life Cycle Analysis are methods used to measure the impact of water trade between countries and businesses. The concept of a […]
Avskiljningsförmåga hos dagvattendammar i relation till dammvolym, bräddflöde och inkommande föroreningshalt / Reduction efficiency in stormwater ponds in relation to pond volume, overflow and inflow pollutant concentration
This article puts forward the idea that the reduction efficiency in a stormwater pond to a great extent can be explained by three parameters related to the pond:– The size of the pond in relation to its catchment area– The relative size of the possible overflow past the pond– The mean concentration of suspended solids […]
Maximering av slam och biogasproduktion för att motverka global uppvärmning / Maximizing sludge and biogas production for counteracting global warming
Can wastewater treatment contribute to counteract global warming? Increased biogas production for substituting fossil fuel is one possibility. However, an active sludge process with biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal consume organic material, gives a sludge with less digestibility and need energy for aeration. The amount of produced sludge corresponds to half of the organic material […]
Mixing Time for the Dead Sea Based on Water and Salt Mass Balances
Water and salt mass balances for the Dead Sea were modeled. Precipitation, evaporation, river discharges, ground water flows, input/output from potash companies and salt production, and brine discharge were included in the models. The mixing time in the Dead Sea was modeled using a single-layer (well-mixed) a two-layer (stratified) system. Using the single-layer approach the […]
Microbiological Testing of Potable Water in Northwestern Haïti
In commune Anse Rouge situated in north western Haïti there are many natural water sources but the availability of clean water is still a problem in most villages if not all. Since 2004 there are ongoing efforts to prevent contamination of the many natural open sources by capping and to promote the use of household […]
Handling of released P from digesters loaded with Bio-P sludge
Phosphates are fixed in the enhanced biological phosphorus removal process and released from the Bio-P sludge in the digesters. The supernatant from digesters with large quantities of phosphate should be treated before it is recirculated to the treatment system to prevent phosphorus over-load in the system. Brackish seawater is concentrated to bittern for struvite precipitation; […]
Methods for community involvement in private water supply schemes – A case study of Namaacha City, Mozambique
This study concerns the community involvement in water resource management in Namaacha City in Mozambique. The city has approximately 16 000 inhabitants. In 2005, the World Bank invested in new infrastructure for the water provision of the city, and water supply is since then handled by a private company. Water provision in the city is […]