HUR FARLIGA ÄR EGENTLIGEN KLORUTSLÄPPEN TILL VATTEN? / How Dangerous are the Discharges of Chlorinated Bleachery Substances in Aquatic Environments?
The aim of this paper has been to discuss some results and experiences that may be drawn from the project »Environment/Cellulose l», sponsored by the National Swedish Environmental Protection Board. The emissions from pulp bleacheries consist of many complex substances, some of which are identified (like dioxins and chlorophenols), most of which are unknown in […]
KADMIUM OCH BLY I BRUNNS- OCH GRUNDVATTEN / Cadmium and Lead in Well and Ground Water
The concentrations of cadmium and lead in water from 280 private wells were determined. The aim of the study was to elucidate if the presence of these metals is a health problem when the water is used as drinking water. The water in many Swedish wells is very acid and is also influenced by the […]
INFLUENCE OF DEPTH ON TRICKLING FILTER PERFORMANCE
The mathematic models used for trickling filter design today do not give a correct picture of the influence of depth on the process efficiency. The effect of an increased filter depth is overestimated, resulting in an uneconomical design. The design models used are normally based on a first order reaction equation and the most common […]
UPPGRADERING AV ETT BEFINTLIGT YTVATTENVERK VATTENVERKET BORG I NORRKÖPING / Upgrading of an Existing Surface Water Treatment Plant. The Borg Water Treatment Works in Norrköping
The water treatment works named Borg delivers drinking water to about 100,000 inhabitants in Norrköping. Raw water is taken from the river Motala ström. Because of the raw water quality there are sometimes problems with bad taste and odour in the purified water. By pollution from a paper pulp factory with chlorine bleachery, situated upstreams […]
DIFFUS VATTENPÅVERKAN OCH METODER FÖR AVGRÄNSNING AV SKYDDSOMRÅDE FÖR VATTENTÄKT / Non-point Water Pollution and Methods for Delimitation of Safety Control Areas around Drinking Water Supply
In areas with intensive agriculture land use conflicts between the agriculture land use interests and the drinking water supply protection interests are frequent. Precise methods for delimitation of Safety Control Areas are urgent. Two delimitation methods are demonstrated. The first one, delimitation by subwatersheds, is based on identifications of local hydrological interrelationships and their significance […]
SAMSPELET LAGSTIFTNING/MILJÖADMINISTRATION I KOMMUNALT BESLUTSFATTANDE / The Interaction between Legislation and Environmental Administration in Local Authorities
In this paper the interaction between legislation and municipal administration is focused on the relationship between land use and ground water contamination. In two cases – Vadstena and Kinda – the weak protection of the vulnerable ground water from different land use activities is illustrated. Today the administration is organized for and aimed at handling […]
GASKROMATOGRAFISK ANALYS AV FÖRPACKADE VATTEN / Gas Chromatographic Analysis of Bottled Waters
Volatile organics in bottled waters from Sweden were analysed by stripping enrichment followed by gas chromatography (GC/ECD and GC/FID) and chromatographic sniffing. The GC/FID analyses showed that measurable amounts of organic substances leached from plastic (PET) bottles and Tetra-Brik packages. Chromatographic sniffing showed that the earthy or musty off-flavours, often found in tap water were […]
NYA PERSPEKTIV PÅ FÖREKOMST OCH URSPRUNG AV ADSORBERBAR ORGANISKT BUNDEN HALOGEN (AOX) I MARK OCH VATTEN / New Perspectives on the Presence and Origin of Adsorbable Organic Halogens (AOX) in Soil and Water
The present study has shown that surface water, groundwater and soil, even in areas far from industrial emissions, contain large pools of adsorbable, organic halogens (AOX). Gel chromatographic fractionations and studies of adsorption of AOX on activated carbon at different pH values indicated that a considerable fraction of the organohalogens are associated with high molecular […]
LONG-RANGE SPREADING OF METALS FROM A MINE WASTE DEPOSIT
The spreading of heavy metals from a metal rich deposit in surface waters is examined from measured concentrations in draining rivers and a series of lakes downstream the deposit, during a period of 3 years. The decreasing concentrations observed in the lakes appear to be the result of mixing of effluents from the deposit with […]
SLUDGE QUALITY FROM MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTS IN SWEDEN – PAST AND FUTURE TRENDS
The current debate concerning land application of sewage sludge is briefly reviewed. Of major concern in the public debate today is the presence of organic micro-pollutants in the sludge. Sludge quality data from Swedish plants related to trends in contents of heavy metals, PCB and DDT are discussed. A large decrease can be noted. This […]