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The critical load, defined as the maximum load of acid deposition that will not cause certain adverse effects, is calculated by using a mass balance for alkalinity for the catchment, forest soil or lake system considered. This simple method estimates the critical load from site characteristics such as mineral composition, bioremoval of base cations and […]

In Denmark, as in other countries, the need for supervision and control with the water pollution is increasing. Microbiological and chemical water analyses are an important tool for this control. However, the condition for using the results of these analyses is a good and reliable quality of the analyses. In Denmark an important part of […]

For the determination of total organic substances in water three, principally different methods are available. These are chemical oxygen demand (COD), total organic carbon (TOC) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD). Theoretical and empirical relationships between results obtained with these methods are discussed based on literature and own results. Variations in the relationships are mainly due […]

The contribution of inorganic chloride to the extractable, organically bound chlorine (EOCl) in fish was investigated by adding radioactively labelled chloride to an aquarium with perch (Perca fluviatilis). The total radioactivity in fish tissue was compared to the radioactivity in the corresponding EOCl extracts. The concentration of inorganic chloride was reduced about 120,000 times during […]

Frequently employed methods for the determination of organic halogens as group parameters in water samples are reviewed. The methods are evaluated with respect to their applicability in waste water characterization and marine monitoring. Results from the analyses of organic halogens in samples of marine waters, sediments and biological species are summarized. It is concluded that […]

In this article we would like to emphasize the importance of water erosion as a process related to sediment and nutrient losses. Many changes of the cultural landscape, which have taken place during the 20th century, have not only led to an increase in productivity but have also contributed to an increase in the risk […]

The functional response of natural communities to different types of disturbance was measured in an in situ continuous flow apparatus. From continuous registrations of oxygen, light, temperature and water flow functional parameters like respiration and production were calculated. Some examples of functional responses of filter feeder and Fucus vesiculosus communities to cadmium and antifouling paint […]

The analysis of AOX, adsorbable organic halogen, has been evaluated with an instrument which has not been in use in Sweden previously. The analysis was performed according to a German standard and analytical blank, and detection limit and reproducibility were studied. Typical AOX concentrations occurring in various wastewater and water samples are given.

Studies of the permeable road construction, known as »the Unit Super Structure», have been carried out at the Department of Water-Resources Engineering, Lund Institute of Science and Technology/University of Lund, Sweden. The project consisted of three parts: – Hydrological studies – Technical and mechanical studies of materials – Production technical and economical studies The project […]

Attempts to reduce the nitrogen content in wastewater at the sewage treatment plant Slottshagen in Norrköping have been accomplished during 1987. The plant, which takes care of the sewage from about 100,000 persons, was built for sedimentation, biological purification with activated sludge and chemical purification through post-precipitation in a separate step. After conversion of the […]