LONG-TERM DISSOLUTION OF SEDIMENTED LIMESTONE POWDER IN RUNNING WATER. CONSEQUENCES FOR LIMING STRATEGY AND INTERPRETATION OF LIMING EFFICIENCY DATA
Liming of Fosstølbekken, a brook in Aust-Agder county, southern Norway, was stopped during two flow episodes in order to study long-term dissolution of sedimented limestone powder. The pH increasing capacity was adequate over a certain period of time. This capacity was considerably reduced during the second flow episode, where pH only increased from 4.8 to […]
INVESTIGATION OF SOIL TREATMENT SYSTEMS FOR SEPTIC TANK EFFLUENT. III. THE FATE OF PHOSPHORUS
Eight sand filter systems and eight infiltration systems were investigated for the fate of phosphorus (P). All of the systems have been in use for several years. The soil from the systems was extracted by different methods by use of extractants, e.g. HC1, a mixture of acetic acid and ammoniumlactate (AL-solution) and water. The sorbed […]
INVESTIGATION OF SOIL TREATMENT SYSTEMS FOR SEPTIC TANK EFFLUENT. II. SOIL pH, TOTAL CARBON AND NITROGEN
Eight sand filter systems and eight infiltration systems were investigated for soil pH, total carbon and nitrogen. All of the systems have been in use for several years. The soil from the systems was analyzed by standard methods. The soil pH of the sand filter systems clearly reflected the pH of the wastewater. As expected, […]
INVESTIGATION OF SOIL TREATMENT SYSTEMS FOR SEPTIC TANK EFFLUENT. I. DESIGN, FUNCTION, HYDRAULIC PROPERTIES, INPUT AND OUTPUT
The design, function, hydraulic properties, input and output of eight sand filter systems and eight infiltration systems were investigated. The designed hydraulic loads were in some cases high and ranged from 28-100 L m-2d-l for the infiltration sites and from 30-130 L m-2d-1 for the sand filters. Older sites had clay pipes with open connections […]
SKÄLDERVIKENS EUTROFIERING – EN STUDIE AV NÄRSALTSTRANSPORTER OCH FÖRORENINGSKÄLLOR I RÖNNEÅNS VATTENDRAGSSYSTEM 1978-1984, Eutrophication of the Bay of Skälderviken – a Study of Nutrient Loading and Nutrient Sources in the River Rönneå Drainage Basin 1978-1984
Algal blooms and oxygen deficiency in the hypolimnion have become common in coastal waters of the eastern Kattegat (southern Sweden). Increased nitrogen and phosphorus loads from inland waters are supposedly responsible for these phenomena. During the past few years the lowest summer oxygen concentrations of the Kattegat were found in Skälderviken bay. The Rönneå is […]
EUTROFIERING – NÄRSALTSBIDRAG TILL ETT AVRINNINGSOMRÅDE / Eutrophication – Contribution of Nutrient Salts to a Watershed
Eutrophication of watersheds today is mainly caused by antrophogenic influence. Calculations have been done using theoretical framework including fertilizers, leaking from farms etc., as well as practical measurements in the field. The results indicate that the additions of phosphorus from the sewage treatment plants in the watershed are today in order of 15 % and […]
FOSFORTRANSPORTER SOM UNDERLAG FÖR BESLUT OM ALTERNATIVA LÖSNINGAR FÖR RENING AV AVLOPPSVATTEN FRÅN SPRIDD BEBYGGELSE / Phosphorus transports as basis for deciding alternative solutions to handle waste water from scattered residences
Small drainage areas with a growing but still sparse population often constitute a problem in environment protection work because quantitative data to support decision-making and more long term sewage-handling strategies are lacking. In this study transports strictly measured from water-quality data were compared to transports calculated from landlosses and estimated discharges from an inventory of […]
AVLOPPSVATTENBEHANDLING PÅ FARTYG / Sewage Treatment on Ships
International Maritime Organization, IMO, has in Marpol Annex IV tried to achieve an international regulation of marine sewage pollution. Marpol is not yet in force, but some areas are regulated by states and conventions, e.g. the Baltic convention whose rules in principle are the same as Marpol Annex IV. It is already in force for […]
HELSINGFORSKONVENTIONEN – KONVENTIONEN OM SKYDD AV ÖSTERSJÖOMRÅDETS MARINA MILJÖ, The Helsinki Convention – The Convention on the Protection of the Marine Environment of the Baltic Sea Area
The Helsinki Convention – The Convention on the Protection of the Marine Environment of the Baltic Sea Area comprises the Baltic Sea proper with the Gulf of Bothnia, the Gulf of Finland and the entrance to the Baltic Sea. The Convention is ratified by all Baltic Sea states i.e. Denmark, the Federal Republic of Germany, […]
CHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND (CODcr)-RESULTS OBTAINED BY THE CLOSED TUBE METHOD AND THE STANDARD PROCEDURE ARE IN AGREEMENT
A comparison was made between the Nordic standard and the small-scale closed tube method for the determination of CODcr. The closed tube method studied follows the standard procedure except that the sample and reagent volumes are one fifth of those in the standard. The results from the two methods are in good agreement and the […]