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The district of Kristianstad has about 70,000 inhabitants. Approximately 20,000 are served with water from 8,000 wells used by one household each. They include 4,000 dug wells, 3,500 drilled wells and 500 driven yells. About 2,000 of the wells cannot meet the bacteria density standard and 3,000 wells have a nitrate concentration >10 mg/1 NO3-N […]

The loading of organic matter to Vänern peaked during the mid-1960’s. Restructing and improvements of treatment procedures within the paper and pulp industries have resulted in a decrease which later resulted in a reduction of the permanganate numbers and an increase of Secchi depth. In order to evaluate later developments, the changes of KMn04-numbers have […]

The Vivassen is a small embayment (1 km2) on the Swedish east coast with a narrow sound connecting it to the Baltic archipelago. We have measured the supply of nitrogen and phosphorus from waste disposal and from runoff and compared those sources with the supply of nutrients from the Baltic dividing between spring bloom nutrient […]

Liming of discharge areas of groundwater aquifers is one method to increase the alkalinity in surface waters. A mathematical model for the chemical effects of liming upon the soil, the soil solution and the run-off was formulated. The model includes simultaneous dissolution of limestone, cation-exchange and leaching of dissolved components. The model has been tested […]

Liming of Fosstølbekken, a brook in Aust-Agder county, southern Norway, was stopped during two flow episodes in order to study long-term dissolution of sedimented limestone powder. The pH increasing capacity was adequate over a certain period of time. This capacity was considerably reduced during the second flow episode, where pH only increased from 4.8 to […]

Eight sand filter systems and eight infiltration systems were investigated for the fate of phosphorus (P). All of the systems have been in use for several years. The soil from the systems was extracted by different methods by use of extractants, e.g. HC1, a mixture of acetic acid and ammoniumlactate (AL-solution) and water. The sorbed […]

Eight sand filter systems and eight infiltration systems were investigated for soil pH, total carbon and nitrogen. All of the systems have been in use for several years. The soil from the systems was analyzed by standard methods. The soil pH of the sand filter systems clearly reflected the pH of the wastewater. As expected, […]

The design, function, hydraulic properties, input and output of eight sand filter systems and eight infiltration systems were investigated. The designed hydraulic loads were in some cases high and ranged from 28-100 L m-2d-l for the infiltration sites and from 30-130 L m-2d-1 for the sand filters. Older sites had clay pipes with open connections […]

Algal blooms and oxygen deficiency in the hypolimnion have become common in coastal waters of the eastern Kattegat (southern Sweden). Increased nitrogen and phosphorus loads from inland waters are supposedly responsible for these phenomena. During the past few years the lowest summer oxygen concentrations of the Kattegat were found in Skälderviken bay. The Rönneå is […]

Eutrophication of watersheds today is mainly caused by antrophogenic influence. Calculations have been done using theoretical framework including fertilizers, leaking from farms etc., as well as practical measurements in the field. The results indicate that the additions of phosphorus from the sewage treatment plants in the watershed are today in order of 15 % and […]